Is Wirecard Discontinued? What Happened? Scandal

1999–2020 Finance/Payments • Germany

Fate: Wirecard filed for insolvency on June 25, 2020 after auditors confirmed that 1.9 billion euros in reported cash reserves could not be found. It became the first company ever removed from Germany's DAX stock index due to insolvency. Former CEO Markus Braun was arrested and his trial in Munich continued as of 2025. Former COO Jan Marsalek fled to Russia and was confirmed by a London court to have directed a Russian military intelligence spy network across Europe.

Wirecard logo
Source: Wikimedia Commons — File:Wirecard_Logo.svg

Wirecard started in Munich in 1999 as a payment processor for online businesses that regular banks didn’t want. Its early customers were pornography sites and gambling platforms. That beginning shaped the company’s next 20 years. Wirecard built a business around handling money and transactions that were hard to verify or track.

In 2002, Markus Braun became CEO. He tried to turn Wirecard into a shiny tech company. He wore Steve Jobs-esque black turtlenecks, spoke at big conferences, and talked about the future of global finance. Jan Marsalek, who joined the company young and rose quickly, became chief operating officer in 2010. Together, they built Wirecard into one of Europe’s most famous fintech brands.

On paper, it looked unstoppable.

But behind the scenes, the company was hiding a huge fraud.

Wirecard claimed that three partner companies in Dubai, Singapore, and Manila handled its Asian business and brought in more than half a billion euros a year. The money tied to that business was supposedly sitting in trust accounts. Almost all of it was fake. Forged documents and friendly middlemen helped keep the story alive. EY, Wirecard’s auditor for more than ten years, signed off on the numbers without checking whether the cash actually existed.

Reporters at the Financial Times started digging in 2015. They found odd addresses, strange accounting, and signs that the Asian business was not real. Instead of investigating Wirecard, Germany’s financial regulator went after the journalists and short sellers. In 2019, the regulator even banned short selling Wirecard stock for two months, which protected the company from more pressure.

Wirecard’s stock kept rising anyway. By 2018, the company was worth more than 24 billion euros and had joined Germany’s DAX 30 index. SoftBank invested 900 million euros in 2019, giving Wirecard even more credibility.

The collapse came fast. A special audit couldn’t confirm most of Wirecard’s reported profits. EY refused to sign the 2019 accounts. In June 2020, Wirecard admitted that 1.9 billion euros supposedly held in Philippine banks did not exist. The CEO resigned and was arrested. The company filed for insolvency days later.

Marsalek fled the country and was later linked to Russian intelligence. As of 2026, he is suspected of living near Moscow, but still hasn’t been found.

Wirecard’s failure shook Germany’s financial system and led to major changes in how regulators and auditors are supervised. It remains one of the biggest corporate scandals in Europe’s history.

Timeline

  1. 1999

    • Wirecard founded in Munich as a payment processor for pornography and online gambling websites.
  2. 2002

    • Markus Braun joins as CEO and begins repositioning Wirecard as a mainstream technology company.
  3. 2007

    • EY takes over as Wirecard's auditor after conducting a special audit that cleared the company of earlier allegations.
  4. 2010

    • Jan Marsalek is appointed COO.
  5. 2014

    • Investigators later establish that Marsalek was recruited by Russian military intelligence, the GRU, around this year.
  6. 2015

    • The Financial Times begins its investigative series into Wirecard's accounting irregularities. BaFin investigates the journalists rather than the company.
  7. 2018

    • Wirecard stock hits an all-time high of 191 euros per share in August, valuing the company at more than 24 billion euros. In September, Wirecard replaces Commerzbank in the DAX 30 index.
  8. 2019

    • BaFin bans short selling of Wirecard stock for two months in January while Financial Times reporting intensifies. SoftBank invests 900 million euros in April.
  9. 2020

    • In June 2020, Wirecard discloses that 1.9 billion euros in reported cash is lost, then later admits the funds probably never existed. Marsalek is dismissed and flees to Belarus, while Braun resigns and is arrested not long after. By the end of the month, Wirecard becomes the first DAX company to file for insolvency, owing creditors nearly 3.5 billion euros.
  10. 2022

    • Braun's trial opens in Munich. Oliver Bellenhaus, head of Wirecard's Dubai subsidiary, agrees to cooperate as a prosecution witness.
  11. 2023

    • A class action filed in the Netherlands on behalf of 13,000 investors seeks more than 700 million euros from EY.
  12. 2024

    • A London court convicts six Bulgarian nationals directed by Marsalek to conduct Russian intelligence operations across Europe, including surveillance of a US military base in Germany.
  13. 2025

    • Braun's trial continues in Munich. Marsalek remains at large in Russia, believed to be working actively for Russian intelligence.
  14. 2026

    • Marsalek remains at large, believed to be in Russia and working actively for Russian intelligence.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was Wirecard?

Wirecard was a German payment‑processing company founded in 1999. It started by serving online businesses that mainstream banks avoided, like gambling and adult sites.

How did Wirecard become so big?

Under CEO Markus Braun, the company rebranded itself as a high‑tech finance firm. It grew fast, bought other companies, and promoted itself as the future of digital payments. By 2018 it was worth more than €24 billion and had joined Germany's DAX 30 index.

Who were the key executives?

Markus Braun was the CEO. Jan Marsalek, who joined young and rose quickly, became chief operating officer in 2010. They controlled the company's operations and public image.

What was the core of the fraud?

Wirecard claimed that three partner companies in Dubai, Singapore, and Manila processed payments for it in Asia. These partners supposedly generated huge profits and held large amounts of cash in trust accounts. Most of that revenue — and the cash — never existed.

How did Wirecard hide the truth?

The company used forged documents, friendly intermediaries, and complex structures to make fake revenue look real. EY, its auditor for more than a decade, signed off on the accounts without verifying the cash in the supposed trust accounts.

When did people start raising questions?

The Financial Times began investigating in 2015. Reporters found mismatched addresses, inconsistent numbers, and signs that the Asian business was not real. Instead of investigating Wirecard, Germany's financial regulator BaFin targeted the journalists and short sellers who raised concerns.

What triggered the collapse?

A special audit by KPMG in 2020 failed to verify most of Wirecard's reported profits. EY then refused to sign the 2019 accounts. On June 16, 2020, Wirecard admitted that €1.9 billion supposedly held in Philippine banks could not be found. The banks said they had never worked with Wirecard.

What happened next?

Braun resigned on June 19, 2020 and was arrested days later. Wirecard filed for insolvency on June 25, owing about €3.5 billion. It became the first DAX company ever to fail.

What did Jan Marsalek do?

Marsalek fled within hours of being dismissed. He claimed he was going to the Philippines but instead escaped to Belarus. Investigators later linked him to Russian military intelligence (the GRU). Evidence showed he coordinated espionage operations and appeared in eastern Ukraine in 2024. He remains at large.

Why is Wirecard considered such a major scandal?

It wasn't just an accounting fraud. Regulators protected the company instead of investigating it. Auditors failed to verify basic facts. And one of the top executives was working with a foreign intelligence service. The case exposed deep weaknesses in financial oversight.

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